New Tools, New Discoveries in Marine Geochemistry

Progress in the development of seawater sampling systems, analytical procedures and mass spectrometry have allowed measurements of trace elements and their isotopes in the ocean at spatial resolutions and at concentrations never achieved before. Marine geochemists are now exploiting these new developments to measure, for the first time, the stable isotopes of trace metals that are essential for marine life (e.g. Fe, Cu, Ni, Mo, Zn). The new data have already produced new insights into the interaction between ocean life and dissolved trace constituents and into the sources and sinks of those trace elements.

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December 2025 --The Variscan Orogeny in Europe – Understanding Supercontinent Formation

The Variscan orogen formed between 380 and 300 million years ago through several accretionary and collisional cycles, culminating with the construction of the Pangea supercontinent. This process occurred via sequential opening and closure of oceanic basins, synchronous detachment of Gondwana derived continental ribbons, and their outboard amalgamation onto the Laurussia margin. The Variscan orogen is rather unique compared with other orogenic belts on Earth: its overthickened and dominantly magmatic crust in the central belt, surprisingly minor mantle involvement in the magmatic and geodynamic processes, coherent and pulsed magmatism along the collision suture, and its complex accretionary history. Because its final product, Pangea, is the youngest and best-understood supercontinent on Earth, the Variscan orogeny offers clues for understanding the mechanisms of supercontinent formation.